[Clinico-morphological parameters of heroin abuse and pathology connected with it]. / Kliniko-morfologicheskie parametry geroinovoi narkomanii i sviazannoi s nei patologii.

Morphological manifestations of narcomania in heroin users are described. Diseases associated with heroin narcomania and causes of death of heroin users are presented. Morphological manifestations at the site of injections and inflammatory reactions in parenchymatous organs are characterized. The authors pay special attention to the productive inflammation which can serve as one of the signs that confirm narcomania in cases with parenteral injections of crude heroin. The authors refer the granulomas to toxic allergic form of granulomatous hypersensitive inflammation.

[Comparative study of the effect of radiation and other lymphatic agents on lymphoid tissue of dogs and rats: chromatin degradation, DNA and protein synthesis in cells]. / Sravnitelnyi analiz deistviia radiatsii i drugikh lympholiticheskikh agentov na limphoidnuiu tkan sobak i krys: degradatsiia khromatina, sintez DNK i belka v kletkakh.

It is established that lymphatic tissue of dogs shows far less degradation of chromatin after whob body irradiation (6 Gy) or exposure to lympholytic agents (hydrocortisone and colchicine), compared to rats. The fragmentation of chromatin in dog thymus occurs, like in rat, according to the internucleosome type, but affects a considerably less part of the thymocyte population.

[Changes in the radiosensitivity of cortical thymocytes during differentiation]. / Izmenenie radiochuvstvitel'nosti kortikal'nykh timotsitov v protsesse differentsirovki.

To determine the radiosensitivity of cortical thymocytes at different stages of their differentiation, that took three days, estimated was the part of DNA of labelled thymocytes within the salt soluble fragments of the chromatin formed 6 h after irradiation of rats at different times during three days following the initial labelling of thymic blast DNA. The radiosensitivity of cells, which were at the terminal stages of differentiation, was twice as high as that of lymphocytes which were at the initial stage of differentiation.

[The dopamine system in rat brain areas in the early period following irradiation with superhigh doses]. / Sistema dofamina v otdelakh golovnogo mozga u krys v rannie sroki posle oblucheniia v sverkhvysokikh dozakh.

In studying the main indices that characterize the neurochemical system of biosynthesis and degradation of a dopamine neuromediator, tyrosine hydroxylase-dopamine-monoamine oxidase, in different brain regions 5-6 min, 1 and 18 h after whole-body irradiation with high energy electrons (100 Gy) the authors have revealed a 25-40% inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase and monoamine oxidase activity, and a 40% increase in the dopamine content of basal ganglia of the brain that control behavioural reactions of the organism. The neurochemical disturbances revealed are involved in the mechanisms of early transient incapacity after irradiation with superhigh doses.

[Characteristics of the development of interphase death of hematopoietic tissue in dogs in response to gamma irradiation]. / Osobennosti proiavleniia interfaznoi gibeli krovetvornoi tkani u sobak v otvet na gamma-obluchenie.

In experiments with 2-3 week dogs it was shown that whole-body gamma-irradiation with a dose of 3 Gy causes an insignificant absolute rise in the amount of degrading chromatin of the haemopoietic organs during the first 24 h following irradiation. After 48 h, this cell death parameter is normalized. A considerably lower radiosensitivity of lymphoid cells of dogs compared to small laboratory animals is indicated by a stable DNA content per 1 g of thymus, intactness of its structure after irradiation, and the absence of an increase in thymidine content of blood of young and adult dogs under the effect of 3-3.7 Gy radiation.

[Inhibition of cell proliferation in the thymus: possibility of detecting natural cell death within the organ and its contribution to the phenomenon of induced interphase cell death]. / Ugnetenie kletochnoi proliferatsii v timuse: vozmozhnosti vyiavleniia estestvennoi gibeli kletok vnutri organa i ee vklada v proiavlenie fenomena indutsiruemoi interfaznoi gibeli.

Parallelism was noted between the suppression of proliferation and the amount of cells dying in mouse thymus after the effects inducing cell destruction. However, inhibition of DNA synthesis under the effect of nontoxic doses of arabinoside cytosine increased insignificantly the number of dying cells as compared to normal. This indicated the absence of the masking effect of reutilization of degradation products of dying cells, minor amounts of cells normally dying in the thymus, and their insignificant contribution to the induced cell death after the effects leading to inhibition of cell proliferation.

[Reasons for the quantitative differences in the formation of chromatin breakdown products following exposure to neutrons and gamma radiation]. / O prichinakh kolichestvennykh razlichii v obrazovanii produktov raspada khromatina posle vozdeistviia neitronov i gamma-izlucheniia.

Relative content of salt-soluble chromatin fragments in rat thymus increased after the effect of neutrons, as compared to gamma-radiation, while cell depletion of the organ was similar with both types of radiation. This was not associated with the rate and extent of chromatin degradation in thymocytes and was an indication of death of a larger number of thymocytes after the effect of neutrons.

[Relation between the radiation sensitivity of the rat thymus and the subpopulation composition of its lymphocytes]. / Zavisimost' radiochuvstvitel'nosti timusa krys ot subpopuliatsionnogo sostava limfotsitov organa.

The administration to rats of Freund adjuvant and conditions of their keeping in the autumn time reduce the mass and cellularity of the thymus and inhibit cell proliferation therein, the content of lymphocytes with high buoyant density being relatively increased. The indicated changes are accompanied by a two-fold increase in the death rate of thymus cells both after irradiation of rats and following four-hour incubation.

Effects of actinomycin D on mouse thymus in vivo chromatin degradation to nucleosomes and inhibition of RNA and protein synthesis.

The administration of actinomycin D in toxic doses (4 mg/kg i.p.) to mice induces a progressive degradation of thymus chromatin. The course of this damage is slower than the radiation-induced chromatin degradation; it starts at 6-8h and culminates at 24 h after actinomycin D injection, when already most of the treated mice are dying. The inhibition of the [2-14C] orotic acid incorporation into rapidly labelled RNA by actinomycin D is substantially less expressed in the thymus than in the liver. The course of chromatin degradation correlates with the onset of the inhibition of protein synthesis in the thymuses of actinomycin D-treated mice. This demonstrates that, starting from the 6th h after actinomycin D administration, irreversible changes appear in the thymocytes that lead to chromatin degradation and cellular death. Contrary to the action of cycloheximide, the treatment with actinomycin D aggravates the chromatin degradation induced by irradiation. A comparative electrophoretic analysis of the DNA fragments (in native state and denatured) isolated from thymus chromatin of mice treated with actinomycin D (and/or irradiated) demonstrated that the chromatin DNA is degraded only in the internucleosomal segments yielding DNA fragments of nucleosomal size. Similarly to the effect of other agents leading to chromatin damage in vivo, the actinomycin D-induced degradation does not affect the DNA in the nucleosomal segments of chromatin.